Repositorio Académico UPC

Introduction. Eating disorders (EDs) are a public health problem, and their relationship to mass media is still controversial. Objective. To assess whether there is an association between models of body image shown in mass media and the risk of developing EDs among female adolescent students from Lima, Peru. Methodology. Cross-sectional study conducted in three schools located in the district of La Victoria, Lima, Peru. The risk of developing EDs was measured using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), while mass media influence was measured using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), which was categorized into tertiles both in the overall score and its subscales (information, pressure, general internalization, and athletic internalization). Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for EDs were estimated. Results. Four hundred and eighty-three students were included, their median age was 14 ± 3 years old. A risk of developing an ED was ...

Objective: To evaluate if fruits and vegetables consumption is associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian adults and as to describe the sociodemographic profi le of the people with overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Populationbased study that used data from the National Demographic and Health Survey (DHSENDES) performed in the 25 regions of Perú. The outcomes were overweight and obesity assessed using the Body Mass Index, whereas the exposure variable was the fruit and vegetable consumption evaluated by self-report during the last seven days. Poisson regression models adjusted by potential confounders were used to evaluate associated factors with overweight and obesity, as well as the association of interest, reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confi dence intervals (95%CI). Results: Data from 4,641 participants, mean age 37.1 years (SD: 11.8) and 53.6% women, were analyzed. Only 220 (4.8%; 95%CI 4.1%-5.4%) individuals reported a fruit and vegeta...

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has proven to be highly beneficial for children’s health. Identifying the associated factors with its cessation is useful in order to target specific groups for preventive interventions. Objective: To evaluate the associated factors with EBF cessation before six months of age in women with infants, living in a district in Lima. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was performed. It evaluated mothers with infants aged 6-24 months, in a periurban district in Lima, Peru, 2013. The study outcome was cessation in EBF before six months of age. Sociodemographic variables, factors related to gestation and delivery, and factors properly related to breastfeeding were assessed. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated through simple and multiple Poisson regression. Results: From the 109 mothers included in the analysis, 85.3% were 18 years old or more and all of them had a monthly fami...

Se presenta el caso clínico de un dispositivo intrauterino parcialmente migrado a cavidad pélvica e incrustado en serosa de rectosigmoides luego de 8 años de su inserción. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ecografía transvaginal y retiro del dispositivo por laparoscopia. Se realizó rafia de serosa rectal y de útero. La paciente tuvo un postoperatorio sin complicaciones. Autores:  Bernuy P., Sandra ;  Rivera N., María Cristina ;  Salazar L., Carmen ;  Ramírez C., Fernando Fuente:  Revista Chilena de Obstetrica y Ginecología (Rev. Chil. Obstet. Ginecol.) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582068

Objectives. To determine the factors associated with mortality during the first hospitalization of patients admitted to a hemodialysis unit. Materials and methods. Observational and retrospective study of patients admitted to “Dos de Mayo” National Hospital between January 2012 and December 2013. For the survival analysis we used the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the factors associated with hospital mortality. Results. 216 patients with a mean age of 56.9 ± 15.5 years were studied. 24% of patients (n = 51) died during their hospital stay. The mortality rate was 9.3 deaths/100 person-weeks (95% CI: 7.0 to 12.3). We found a tendency of less risk of death in patients with between 1 and 6 months from chronic kidney disease diagnosis (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.32 to 2.26) and in those with more than six months from chronic kidney disease diagnosis compared with those who had less than a month from chronic kidney disease diagnosis (OR 0.55, 95% CI...

Objectives To report the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical features of Bordetella pertussis in Peruvian infants under 1 year old. Patients and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals in Peru from January 2010 to July 2012. A total of 392 infants under 1 year old were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough and tested for B. pertussis by PCR. Results The pertussis toxin and IS481 genes were detected in 39.54% (155/392) of the cases. Infants aged less than 3 months were the most affected, with a prevalence of 73.55% (114/155). The most common household contact was the mother, identified in 20% (31/155) of cases. Paroxysm of coughing (89.03%, 138/155), cyanosis (68.39%, 106/155), respiratory distress (67.09%, 104/155), and breastfeeding difficulties (39.35%, 61/155) were the most frequent symptoms reported. Conclusion An increase in pertussis cases has been reported in recent years in Peru, despite national immuniza...

Señor editor: Se ha cuestionado si las instituciones médicas regulatorias apuestan por la investigación cientí- fica en Perú,1 pues a ésta se le subestima en procesos de calificación como el Comité Nacional de Residentado Médico y el Sistema de Certificación y Recertificación del Médico Cirujano y Médicos Especialistas,1 o debido a la pobre producción científica de los miembros de la Academia Nacional de Investigadores Médicos. Author(s):  Valenzuela Rodríguez, Germán ;  Herrera Añazco, Percy ;  Hernández, Adrián V. Source:  Salud Pública de México (Salud pública Méx) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582609

Señor editor: En los últimos años ha aumentado la conciencia sobre la importancia de la salud mental, lo que la convierte en prioridad para nuestros servicios de salud.1 Con cerca de 350 millones de afectados, la depresión es la décima causa de discapacidad global a nivel mundial (%DALY: 2.7) y la segunda en América (%DALY: 4.1).2 Además, tiene una fuerte asociación con la evolución de enfermedades crónicas3 como diabetes4 e hipertensión,5 y con enfermedades infecciosas crónicas como VIH6 y tuberculosis.7 Esto hace necesario incluir el manejo de la depresión dentro del plan de control de estos padecimientos. Autores:  Arroyo Garate, Rodrigo ;  Catter, Andrés ;  Gismondi Altamirano, Giancarlo Fuente:  Salud Pública de México (Salud pública Méx) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582608

Objectives. Identify risk factors for at-term small for gestational age newborns. Materials and methods. Retrospective cohort study using data from the Maternal Perinatal Information System of the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital of Lima, from the period 2000-2010. Maternal age, parity, education level, marital status, pregestational body mass index, number of prenatal care visits, presence of conditions such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, urinary tract infection and gestational diabetes as risk factors in small for gestational age newborns were evaluated. The weight for gestational age was calculated based on Peruvian percentiles. Crude relative risk (RR) and adjusted (ARR) were calculated with confidence intervals of 95% using log-binomial generalized linear models. Results. 64,670 pregnant women were included. The incidence for small for gestational age was 7.2%. Preeclampsia (ARR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.86 to 2.15), eclampsia (ARR 3.22, 95% CI: 2.38 to 4.35), low maternal weight (ARR 1.38; 95% CI: 1...

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) versus the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) to the National Immunization Schedule in Peru for prevention of pneumococcal disease (PD) in children <5 years of age. Methods The integrated TRIVAC vaccine cost-effectiveness model from the Pan American Health Organization's ProVac Initiative (version 2.0) was applied from the perspective of the Government of Peru. Twenty successive cohorts of children from birth to 5 years were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were pneumococcal pneumonia (PP), pneumococcal meningitis (PM), pneumococcal sepsis (PS) and acute otitis media from any causes (AOM). Measures included prevention of cases, neurological sequelae (NS), auditory sequelae (AS), deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). A sensitivity analyses was also performed. Findings For the 20 cohorts, net costs with PCV10 and PCV13 were US$ 363.26 million and US$ 408.26 m...

Abstract Aim: It has been suggested that chronic hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance is involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer (EC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with the risk of EC. Methods: We searched PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published from database inception through 30th September 2014. We included all observational studies evaluating components defining insulin resistance in women with and without EC. Quality of the included studies was assessed by NewcastleeOttawa scale. Randomeffects models and inverse variance method were used to meta-analyze the association between insulin resistance components and EC. Results: Twenty-five studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Fasting insulin levels (13 studies, n Z 4088) were higher in women with EC (mean difference [MD] 33.94 pmol/L, 95% confi- dence interval [CI] 15.04e52.85, p Z 0.0004). No differences...

Are medical students able to perform multicenter studies? This question goes far beyond what the scientific environment could imagine even a few years ago. Medical students, particularly in Latin America, have progressively incremented their research productivity[1],[2]. This is due to the strategies developed —such as the creation of medical students’ scientific societies— in response to the lack of a culture of research and publishing in the continent [3],[4]. As these improvements have been rising, new research challenging opportunities have emerged. Multicenter studies are an example. We would like to relate the experience of a project we ran in 85 universities of 17 Latin American countries in which the main local researchers were medical students, conforming then the Collaborative Working Group for the Research of Human Resources for Health (Red-LIRHUS) [5]. In order to do so, we will mention the main advantages and complications in carrying out a multicenter study with medical s...

Se presenta el caso clínico de un dispositivo intrauterino parcialmente migrado a cavidad pélvica e incrustado en serosa de rectosigmoides luego de 8 años de su inserción. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ecografía transvaginal y retiro del dispositivo por laparoscopia. Se realizó rafia de serosa rectal y de útero. La paciente tuvo un postoperatorio sin complicaciones. Autor(es):  Bernuy P., Sandra ;  Rivera N., María Cristina ;  Salazar L., Carmen ;  Ramírez C., Fernando Fuente:  Revista Chilena de Obstetrica y Ginecología (Rev. Chil. Obstet. Ginecol.) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582068

Introduction: In Peru there are different hospitals and university programs for training of specialists in nephrology. Objective: To assess the perception of physicians who attend such programs. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional national-level study in physicians who were in the last two years of nephrology training during February 2012 and who had graduated from it in 2010 and 2011. A self-applied questionnaire was developed along with the Peruvian Society of Nephrology based on international standards. The questionnaire evaluated: mentoring, clinical training, procedures, external rotations, research and global perception. Results: Forty doctors were surveyed nationwide. 82.5% had tutors, 22.5% of them said their support was poor. A 27.5% described their theoretical formation as deficient. The practical training was perceived as acceptable globally; however, improvements in training on peritoneal dialysis and reading kidney transplant biop...

We have read and analyzed the article entitled “Prevalence of marijuana use among university students in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru”. We propose some objective points which could enhance the internal validity of the study (i.e., we suggest to report participation proportions). Author(s):  Martinez Novack, Maria Claudia ;  Ortiz Ortiz, Maria Teresa ;  Castañeda-Carbajal, Bruno ;  Alvarado, German F. Source:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579608

Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 50 años que acude a la emergencia del Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Perú, por presentar fiebre, dolor abdominal, diarrea e ictericia. Se plantea un cuadro de infección intestinal como diagnóstico inicial. Es derivado al área de Medicina Interna donde se realizan diversos exámenes de laboratorio y auxiliares, dentro de los cuales se indica realizar una tomografía computarizada abdominal. El estudio imagenológico confirmó el diagnóstico de pileflebitis, iniciando tratamiento con antibióticos y anticoagulantes. La respuesta y evolución fueron favorables Autor(es):  Lizeth Mirtha Flores Anaya ;  Cinthia Katherine León Lozada ;  Torres Damas, William Lovel Fuente:  Medwave (Medwave) URL:   http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579607

Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de estrés y formas de afrontarlo en alumnos de las facultades de Medicina, Derecho y Psicología de una universidad privada de Lima. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que involucró a estudiantes de tres carreras universitarias. Se utilizó el inventario SISCO de estrés académico y el cuestionario de afrontamiento del estrés (CAE). Se realizó la comparación de las medianas entre los puntajes obtenidos de ambos cuestionarios. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas de Kruskall Wallis, el test de Dunn (comparaciones múltiples post hoc) y el coeficiente de correlación por rangos de Spearman. Resultados: La edad media fue 19.5 ± 2.5 años, el 33.9% realizaba la carrera de Medicina y el 92.4% del total presentó preocupación o nerviosismo como manifestaciones de estrés. Los estudiantes de Medicina presentaron mayores niveles de estrés (mediana = 46.7) en comparación con los estudiantes de Psicología (mediana = 39.1)...

Listeria meningoencephalitis is a rare condition, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients. We present two cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent children, with successful treatment with betalactam/aminoglycoside combination. Unpasteurized cheese was postulated as the source of infection. Author(s):  Valdivia Tapia, María del C. ;  Pinelo Chumbe, Elizabeth ;  Carreazo, Nilton Y. Source:   Revista Chilena de Infectología (Rev Chilena Infectol.) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/578997

Background: One’s motivations to study medicine as a career might play an important role in the performance of the future professional. Objective: To validate a motivation for choosing medicine scale in Latin American medical students. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional multi-centered study including a sample of medical students from eight Spanish-speaking countries. Using a previously adapted Spanish scale and previous qualitative research, an initial 24- ítem Likert-like scale was generated, and subjects’ comprehension of this scale was tested in a pilot study. We calculated item-test correlation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis with oblimin rotation and Kaiser Normalization was performed. Statistical determination of the number of factors was based on the Kaiser criterion, the Cattell scree plot and an explained variance of 5%. Assignment of items was based on weak loadings greater than 0.35. Internal consistency was measured ...

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is transmitted to humans in several ways, such as transplacental spread. It is estimated that this parasite infects a third of the world population and it is associated with congenital infection and fetal loss. Only 10 to 20% of the cases are symptomatic. Case report: We present the case of a pre-term newborn that had been referred to a tertiary care center. During the in-hospital period, diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with many systemic manifestations was performed. Conclusions: Most cases of congenital toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Diagnosis tests and a complete physical examination should be performed on all newborns with suspicion of infection to detect all possible manifestations as in the case reported. © 2014 Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved. Author(s):  Beltrán-Flores, Santiago ;  Flores Arriaga, Joel ;  Lema Correa, Maur...

En un artículo previo realizado por Behar et al., se indica la importancia de la relación de la insatisfacción corporal (IC) y del perfeccionismo (P) como factores predisponentes para desarrollar trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA)1 . Asimismo, el artículo destaca la importancia del estudio de los factores socioculturales vinculados con el incremento de la IC y, consecuentemente, de los TCA2 . Autor(s):  Zevallos Delzo, Carolina ;  Catacora Villasante, Manuel M. Source:  Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría (Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr.) URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/561283  

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Gaucher Disease La enfermedad de Gaucher (EG), debe su nombre por haber sido descrita por Phillipe Gaucher en 1882. Es la enfermedad más frecuente del grupo de las enfermedades de depósito lisosomal comprendidas dentro de los errores innatos del metabolismo (1). La enfermedad de Gaucher se debe a mutaciones en el gen responsable de la síntesis de la enzima lisosomal b-glucocerebrosidasa ácida, también llamada ß-Glucosidasa ácida, (o ß-GA), cuyos locus se ubica en 1q21, es decir en la banda uno de la región 2 del brazo largo del cromosoma 1. El patrón de herencia es autosómico recesivo, es decir que la mutación en éste gen debe darse en estado de homocigocia (2). Autor(s):  Colquicocha Murillo, Maria ;  Cucho Jurado, Janetliz ;  Eyzaguirre Zapata, Renee Mercedes ;  Manassero Morales, Gioconda ; Moreno Larrea, Mariela del Carmen ;  Salas Arbizu, Katia Liliana ;  Torres Argandoña, Aimee Margarita ;  Va...

Impact of the "El Niño" phenomenon from 1997 to 1998 on the health of the peruvian population: Risk potencial for 2015 Sr. Editor. El National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration de los Estados Unidos y el Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú han comunicado que en el 2015 se presentará un nuevo fenómeno “El Niño” (El Niño Oscilación Sur-ENSO). Este fenómeno produce elevación de la temperatura ambiental y un incremento de las precipitaciones pluviales (1); ocasionando inundaciones y aluviones (“huaycos”) como consecuencias inmediatas y posteriormente alteración del ecosistema favoreciendo el incremento de la vegetación y la aparición de plagas de insectos y roedores. Author(s):  Suarez Ognio, Luis ;  Estela Ayamamani, David ;  Cáceres Mejía, Brenda ;  Gambirazio Carbajal, Carlos ;  Cabrera, Rufino Source:   Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica (Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica)...