Repositorio Académico UPC

PURPOSE:  To determine the prevalence of disability in Peru, explore dependency on caregiver's assistance and assess access to rehabilitation care.  METHOD:  Data from Disability National Survey (ENEDIS), including urban and rural areas, were analyzed. Disability was defined as a permanent limitation on movement, vision, communication, hearing, learning/remembering or social relationships. Dependency was defined as the self-reported need for a caregiver to help with daily activities; and access to rehabilitation care was defined as the self-report of any therapy for disabilities. Estimates and projections were calculated using sample strata, primary sampling units and population weights, and prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95%CI were reported.  RESULTS:  From 798 308 people screened, 37 524 (5.1%; 95%CI 4.9--5.2%) had at least one disability. A total of 37 117 were included in further analysis, mean age 57.8 (SD ± 24.1) years, 52.1% women. Dependency was self-report...

BACKGROUND: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are pediatric pathogens commonly isolated from both healthy and sick children with diarrhea in areas of endemicity. The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial load of EPEC isolated from stool samples from children with and without diarrhea to determine whether bacterial load might be a useful tool for further study of this phenomenon. METHODS: EPEC was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of colonies isolated on MacConkey plates from 53 diarrheal and 90 healthy children aged <2 years. DNA was isolated from stool samples by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction. To standardize quantification by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the correlation between fluorescence threshold cycle and copy number of the intimin gene of EPEC E2348/69 was determined. RESULTS: The detection limit of qRT-PCR was 5 bacteria/mg stool. The geometric mean load in diarrhea was 299 bacteria/mg (95% confidence interval [CI],...

BACKGROUND: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains are being recognized as important pediatric enteropathogens worldwide. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in age-related susceptibility to specific strains, especially among infants. METHODS: We conducted a passive surveillance cohort study of diarrhea that involved 1034 children aged 2-12 months in Lima, Peru. Control stool samples were collected from randomly selected children without diarrhea. All samples were analyzed for common enteric pathogens and for diarrheagenic E. coli with use of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The most frequently isolated pathogens in 1065 diarrheal episodes were diarrheagenic E. coli strains (31%), including enteroaggregative (15.1%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (7.6%). Diarrheagenic E. coli, Campylobacter species, and rotavirus were more frequently isolated from infants aged >or=6 months. Among older infants, diffusely adherent E. coli and enterotoxigenic...

La Revista Médica Herediana (RMH) es una publicación patrocinada por la Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, que publica resultados de investigaciones originales del área biomédica y de Salud Publica realizados a nivel nacional e internacional. VOL. 26, NÚM. 1 (2015): ENERO - MARZO 2015 Fuente: Universidad Peruana Cayteno Heridia (UPCH) URL: Texto completo

Es una publicación científica arbitrada producida por el Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; publica artículos completos, originales e inéditos en los temas de biodiversidad, biotecnología, ecología, manejo ambiental y biomedicina. Vol. 22, Núm. 1 (2015) Fuente: Portal de Revistas de Investigación UNMSM URL:  Texto completo

Objetivo Determinar y asociar la percepción del paciente hospitalizado respecto a la atención de enfermería con las variables sociodemográficas y estancia hospitalaria en el servicio de medicina de un hospital público. Método Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal con 50 pacientes de ambos sexos mayores de 18 años atendidos en un servicio de medicina. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el cuestionario de perfil social y el cuestionario de percepción del paciente de la atención de enfermería. Resultados Se observó predominio del sexo femenino, edad entre 40 y 49 años, solteros, con secundaria completa y con menos de 5 días de estancia hospitalaria. La atención de enfermería fue categorizada como medianamente favorable. Los componentes Técnico e Interpersonal fueron categorizados como medianamente favorables y el componente Confort desfavorable. Se observó que la mujer percibe mejor la atención de enfermería. Conclusión Los resultados apuntaron la necesidad de ...

Objective: To examine the independent and joint relationships of poor subjective sleep quality and antepartum depression with suicidal ideation among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 641 pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics in Lima, Peru. Antepartumdepression and suicidal ideationwere assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. Antepartumsubjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression procedures were performed to estimate odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for confounders. Results: Overall, the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this cohort was 16.8% and poor subjective sleep qualitywas more common among women endorsing suicidal ideation as compared to their counterpartswho did not (47.2% vs. 24.8%, Pb.001). After adjustment for confounders including maternal depression, poor subjective sleep quality (defined using the recommended...

With so much new literature published each year, why are authors increasingly citing older papers? Late last year, computer scientists at Google Scholar published a  report  describing how authors were citing older papers. The researchers posed several explanations for the trend that focused on the digitization of publishing and the marvelous improvements to search and relevance ranking. However, as I wrote in  my critique  of their paper, the trend to cite older papers began decades before Google Scholar, Google, or even the Internet was invented. When you are in the search business, everything good in this world must be the result of search. Source:  The S cholarlykitchen URL: Full text

Commencement is a joyous event at every university, one where almost no one is thinking about scholarly communications. But it also signals a moment where thousands of authorized users of licensed e-resources lose access, as they graduate from their student status. Many universities will already have begun courting these students as alumni representatives and even donors. Libraries and scholarly publishers, too, should be considering how to serve users as they cross affiliations and their institutional affinities become more diffuse. Source:  The S cholarlykitchen URL: Full text

Helping patients learn more about medical conditions and potential treatments is a driving force behind efforts to broaden access to the research literature. While there remains a lengthy gap between basic research and clinical application of findings, research articles and books can serve as valuable tools to improve communication between physicians and patients. A good example can be found around the 31 minute mark in the video below, from Ken Burns’ documentary series,  Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies . Source: The S cholarlykitchen URL: Full text

Aim: To evaluate the research courses’ characteristics and the scientific output of its teachers within Peruvian medical schools. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, using data from the medical schools existing in Peru in 2011. The research courses’ syllabi and its teachers were evaluated. The number of courses, its teachers and the scientific output of them were assessed. Results: Schools had a median of 5.5 [range 2 to 18] credits of research courses, and 1.75% [0.6 to 6.3] was the median of percentages of total credits. In 18/32 (56%) schools existed at least one course requiring the student to present a final inform, and only one school entailed the students to publish the courses’ products in scientific journals. Furthermore, only five (16%) schools employed at least one instructor that had ever published at least one original article as the corresponding author in a Scopus-indexed journal. Conclusion: Peruvian medical schools’ research courses ...

Bookmetrix.com  is a new and unique platform that Springer developed in partnership with  Altmetric . It offers you a comprehensive overview of the reach, usage and readership of your book or chapter by providing various book-level and chapter-level metrics all in one place. Source: Springer URL: Full text

Objectives: To explore salt content in bread and to evaluate the feasibility of reducing salt contained in ‘pan francés’ bread. Design: The study had two phases. Phase 1, an exploratory phase, involved the estimation of salt contained in bread as well as a triangle taste test to establish the amount of salt to be reduced in ‘pan francés’ bread without detection by consumers. In Phase 2, a quasi-experimental, pre–post intervention study assessed the effects of the introduction of low-salt bread on bakery sales. Setting: A municipal bakery in Miraflores, Lima, Peru. Subjects: Sixty-five clients of the bakery in Phase 1 of the study; sales to usual costumers in Phase 2. Results: On average, there was 1·25 g of salt per 100 g of bread. Sixty-five consumers were enrolled in the triangle taste test: fifty-four (83·1 %) females, mean age 58·9 (SD 13·7) years. Based on taste, bread samples prepared with salt reductions of 10 % (P = 0·82) and 20 % (P =0·37) were not discernible fro...

Gorham-Stout syndrome is an extremely rare pathology, of unknown etiology. It is characterized by proliferation of vascular channels that causes destruction and reabsorption of the bone matrix. We present a nine year-old male patient with an acute episode characterized by fever, chest pain, respiratory distress and dyspnea. The patient was submitted to computed tomography scan and a biopsy. The findings in the biopsy were multiple lytic lesions, osteolysis, and a mediastinal lymphangioma (lymphangiomatosis). The diagnosis was Gorham-Stout syndrome with atypical presentation. Source:  Archivos argentinos de pediatría   URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/555429

Sr. Editor Nos es grato saludarle. Hemos leído con sumo interés la carta: Prevención de dolor lumbar en niños en etapa escolar, 1  ya que nos parece de vital importancia el trabajo interdisciplinario en la prevención y atención primaria de estas disfunciones, por ende las felicitaciones del caso por la propuesta y las ideas planteadas. De tal manera creemos importante abordar esta temática ya que las disfunciones musculoesqueléticas son un problema frecuente en la salud pública, siendo uno de los principales motivos por el que se solicita asistencia sanitaria, siendo la prevalencia en niños y adolescentes comparable a la de adultos, 2  además de añadir que varios autores han informado que el dolor de espalda, consecuencia de estas disfunciones, en la infancia y adolescencia se asocia con dolor de espalda en un futuro. 2 Por lo antes mencionado, brindamos una alternativa, que vendría a ser la Terapia Manual Ortopédica, ya que viene brindando mucha eficacia en el abordaje de est...

Introduction: Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, which is a neglected disease linked to people in low-socioeconomic populations in Andean valleys. An outbreak of B. bacilliformis was reported in a rural area of the Peruvian Amazon region. The aim of this study was to characterize this outbreak using molecular techniques. Methodology: Fifty-three blood samples from patients diagnosed with Carrion’s disease were analyzed by molecular tools, using both a Bartonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an universal PCR, both based on 16S rRNA gene amplification. Additional water samples from the area were also analyzed. Results: Unexpectedly, the samples were positive only when the universal PCR was used. Although environmental contamination cannot be ruled out, the results showed that Sphingomonas faeni was the possible causative agent of this outbreak, and that water was the most feasible infection source. Conclusions: Diagnosis by clinical...

Background: American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goal focuses on promotion of health and control of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Peru. Methods: Ideal Cardiovascular Health is the presence of 3 ideal health factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/ <80 mm Hg, and untreated fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL) and 4 ideal health behaviors (never smoker, body mass index <25 kg/m2, high physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption >3 times/day). Data from the CRONICAS longitudinal study, an age-and-sex stratified random sample of participants aged 35 years or older in four Peruvian settings. Results: 3058 of 3618 (84.5%) of the CRONICAS cohort participants had complete information for analysis. Figure 1 shows the agestandardized prevalence estimates of ideal, intermediate and poor health metrics. No one had all 7 metrics; only 48 (15.7%) had 6 ideal healt...

Evolutionary explanations for geography's influence on complex cognitive ability (CCA) imply virtually immutable components of between-nation IQ differences. Their weight vis-à-vis the weight of situational components was evaluated through an analysis of a 194-country data set. Additive effects of absolute latitude (AL) and longitudinal distance from Homo sapiens' cradle (LDC) explain Northeastern Asian higher, Sub-Saharan African lower CCAs. AL exerts cognitive influence directly and through socioeconomic development and evolutionary genetics whereas LDC does through evolutionary genetics; however, this occurs differently in Africa-Near East- Europe and elsewhere. The findings are understood assuming supremacy of contemporary UVB radiation → hormonal and climatic → socioeconomic mediators of the AL–CCA linkage whose effects are moderated by heterogeneous genetic and cultural adaptations to radiation and climate. Geography's cognitive effects are dynamic and public-policy a...

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke have had inconsistent results. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy in published RCTs. Methods We performed a systematic review of RCTs of endovascular therapy with thrombolytic or mechanical reperfusion compared with interventions without endovascular therapy. Primary outcome was the frequency of good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 0-2 at 90 days) and secondary outcomes were mortality at 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Random-effects meta-analysis was performed and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment was used to evaluate quality of evidence. Results Ten studies involving 1,612 subjects were included. Endovascular therapy was not significantly associated with good functional outcome (Relative Risk [RR] =1.17; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.42; p=0.10 and Absolute Risk Difference [ARD] =7%; 95%CI -0.1% to 14%; p=0.05); he...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food assistance program participation and overweight/obesity according to poverty level. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from 46,217 non-pregnant and non-lactating women in Lima, Peru was conducted; these data were obtained from nationally representative surveys from the years 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2008-2010. The dependent variable was overweight/obesity, and the independent variable was food assistance program participation. Poisson regression was used to stratify the data by family socioeconomic level, area of residence (Lima versus the rest of the country; urban versus rural), and survey year (2003-2006 versus 2008-2010). The models were adjusted for age, education level, urbanization, and survey year. RESULTS Food assistance program participation was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in women living in homes without poverty indicators [prevalence ratio (P...

Objective We examined associations of childhood physical and sexual abuse with risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). We also evaluated the extent to which childhood abuse was associated with self-reported general health status and symptoms of antepartum depression in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women. Methods In-person interviews were conducted to collect information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 1,521 women during early pregnancy. Antepartum depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Any childhood abuse was associated with 2.2-fold increased odds of lifetime IPV (95%CI: 1.72–2.83). Compared with women who reported no childhood abuse, those who reported both, childhood physical and sexual abuse had a 7.14-fold lifetime risk of physical and sexual IPV (95%CI: 4.15–12.26)....

Sr. Editor: Hemos leído con interés el artículo de Romanin y col. titulado: “Situación epidemiológica de coqueluche y estrategias para su control: Argentina, 2002-2011”, 1 donde los autores presentan las estrategias implementadas en los últimos años en Argentina para la vigilancia epidemiológica y control de Bordetella pertussis. De éstas, la más relevante es la cooperación estrecha entre las entidades sanitarias, especialmente el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (MSN), el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud de Argentina (SNVS) y La Dirección Estadística e Información en Salud (DEIS) del MSN, interacción que no ocurre en todos los países latinoamericanos. Fuente:  Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/338891

The objective of the study was to describe the aetiology, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the principal causes of acute infectious diarrhoea requiring hospitalization among children under 5 years of age in Rabat, Morocco. A prospective study was conducted from March 2011 to March 2012, designed to describe the main pathogens causing diarrhoea in hospitalized children >2 months and less than 5 years of age. Among the 122 children included in the study, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and rotavirus were the main aetiological causes of diarrhoea detected. Twelve (9.8 %) children were referred to an intensive care unit, while two, presenting infection by EAEC, and EAEC plus Shigella sonnei, developed a haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Additionally, six (4.9 %) deaths occurred, with EAEC being isolated in four of these cases. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli and rotavirus play a significant role as the two main causes of severe diarrhoea, while other pathogens, such as norovirus...

Background Millions of travellers around the world have gathered together into online communities. The objective is to analyse the factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among travellers. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted within an online community of travellers using an online survey; we included travellers who had engaged in sexual activity while on their last trip. Risky sexual behaviour was defined as inconsistent condom use (<100%), and the factors associated were evaluated using the prevalence ratio (PR). Results Of the 468 participants, 245 had sex during their last trip. 59.7% did not consistently use condoms, and one out of every four participants reported never using condoms. Having a travel destination of Latin America or the Caribbean was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use. This association was maintained (PR 1.37, CI 95% 1.06–1.77) after adjusting for gender, age, migration, the presence of travel partners, and the use of dr...

Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with increased mortality in patients with acute heart failure (HF) and neoplastic diseases. We investigated the association between NLR and mortality or cardiac transplantation in a retrospective cohort of 527 patients presented to the Cleveland Clinic for evaluation of advanced HF therapy options from 2007 to 2010. Patients were divided according to low, intermediate, and high tertiles of NLR and were followed longitudinally for time to all-cause mortality or heart transplantation (primary outcome). The median NLR was 3.9 (interquartile range 2.5 to 6.5). In univariate analysis, intermediate and highest tertiles of NLR had a higher risk than the lowest tertile for the primary outcome and all-causes mortality. Compared with the lowest tertile, there was no difference in the risk of heart transplantation for intermediate and high tertiles. In multivariate analysis, compared with the lowest tertile, the intermedi...

Sr. Editor Hemos leído con atención el artículo publicado por el servicio de Reumatología del Hospital José María Cullen de Santa Fe, Argentina1. Nos parece relevante la comparación de la evolución del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) en un centro privado y uno público, ya que el desenlace de esta enfermedad se podría ver afectado por diversos factores que involucran estar en cualquiera de los centros mencionados, como el tratamiento farmacológico brindado y las características demográficas de la persona que acude a un centro público y uno privado. Estos factores influyen en la calidad de vida y el grado de actividad de la enfermedad en el paciente2. Sin embargo, el estudio presentado tiene algunas limitaciones que ponen en tela de juicio los resultados reportados. En primer lugar, no se define el momento en que los autores inician el seguimiento de enfermedad de los pacientes. Esto podría sesgar el estudio ya que el pronóstico de supervivencia de LES varía de acuerdo con varios facto...

Objective: To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR. Results: Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR. Conclusions: Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertussis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to ...

If a free website claimed that you could double citations to your papers simply by uploading them to their file sharing network, would you believe it? This claim, and the paper supporting it, is displayed prominently on the Academia.edu website, a platform for scholars to share research papers. It was also sent out to all 21 million registered Academia.edu members Source:  The S cholarly Kitchen UIRL: Full text

Though often used in a pejorative manner, the concept of the “ ivory tower ” is based on a separation from the concerns of the everyday–the idea of academia serving a higher purpose than the rat race of business. Last week Rick Anderson wrote about  the higher standards of behavior required from scholarly publishers , and  watchdogs continually call out any deviation  from the strict rigor that characterizes academic research itself. As technology startups continue to hold more sway over scholarly communication, should we similarly hold those companies and their business practices to the same high standards?  Academia.edu’s recent marketing campaign  offers an interesting case study. Source: The S cholarly Kitchen URL: Full text

The work that we are presenting in this document has its origins in IBEROTEC´s model of tutoring. It evolved from an educational proposal about working with transverse competences that made tutoring a tool for the development of these competences. Tutoring is very important, but secondary, in light of the objectives of the formation that intends to reach a particular graduate profile. In this sense, we saw the necessity of generating four principles to orient academic administration and the actions of tutors and teachers. Thus, what this document proposes is a model of academic administration oriented by the following four ideas: the student is autonomous and Iberotec´s principal idea is to contribute to that; the teachers are “learning provocateurs”, they provoke student´s learning; the work is formative; the institution is facilitating. These principles are more than a declaration of intention; they are a series of criteria for daily decision making and for the design of c...

Introducción Tres casos de infección por Mansonella ozzardi (M. ozzardi) en muestras de malaria que provenían de 2 comunidades periurbanas de Iquitos (Perú) dieron la sospecha de transmisión local. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados con la filariosis por M. ozzardi en estas comunidades. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal en las comunidades de Laguna Azul y La Unión en Iquitos. A todos los pobladores se les tomó una gota gruesa para la detección de M. ozzardi y se les realizó una encuesta epidemiológica. Se realizó colecta de larvas y mosquitos para identificación de potenciales vectores. Se calcularon los OR ajustados (ORa) usando regresión logística múltiple. Resultados Se evaluaron a 433 personas; 58% fueron mujeres; la mediana de edad fue de 20 años; 58,2% fueron migrantes, 3,7% pescadores y 12,9% habían viajado por las cuencas del Alto Nanay. La prevalencia de M. ozzardi fue de 1,4% (6/433) y el más joven de los c...

Introducción y objetivos Los trastornos del sueño son una de las comorbilidades más comunes en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia de mala calidad de sueño y establecer los potenciales factores asociados a ella. Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal analítico que enroló a pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. La variable resultado fue calidad de sueño evaluada mediante la escala de Pittsburgh, mientras que las variables de exposición fueron el tiempo en hemodiálisis, la historia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y de hipertensión arterial, la presencia de sintomatología depresiva, la presencia de anemia y el compromiso urémico. Se usó el modelo de regresión de Poisson para verificar las asociaciones de interés, reportándose razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados Fueron enrolados un total de 450 pacientes, de los cuales, 259 (57,5%) fueron varones, y con una edad entre 18...

Although the National Committee of Medical Residency (CONAREME) has increased the number of nephrology residency positions in Peru, the increase has not been proportional to the number of applicants. This is worrisome in an environment lacking of nephrologists, like our country. The Peruvian Society of Nephrology (SPN) should take the measures to make this specialty more attractive to Peruvian physicians. Source:  Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/554221

Introduction and objectives Sleep disorders are one of the most common comorbidities among patients on hemodialysis. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality as well as to establish potential factors associated with poor sleep quality. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed enrolling patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. The outcome was sleep quality evaluated using the Pittsburgh Scale, whereas the exposure variables were time on hemodialysis, history of type-2 diabetes and hypertension, depressive symptoms, anemia, and uremia. We used Poisson regression model to determine the association of interest, reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results A total of 450 patients were enrolled, 259 (57.5%) were male, aged from 18 to 97 years. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 79.3% (95%CI: 75.6%–83.1%). Poor sleep quality was associated with depressive symptoms (PR = 1.28; ...